tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63667645819752743972024-02-19T15:29:06.724-08:00DIMES: News from the Southern OceanAlexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.comBlogger48125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-21869245437889563252012-04-17T08:50:00.000-07:002012-04-17T08:50:27.928-07:00Final post!For all you eager blog followers out there, here are some of the photos of Torres del Paine National Park in Southern Chile, which several of us visited at the end of the cruise before returning home. Thank you to Xinfeng and Tom for contributing these great photos. As you can see, it is an incredibly beautiful place!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-0bxaP09lpG96MVH7J1xck2oIlutauO3IoPBDktAz_TQtMOuOEeeVIrY0wboRzbl4_jMgmQsXA5u_VvBgQON6qIPMlQvknkXTA8IJJq0yhWCR3uXoCVz8Hs0pP8s1JByMHG6kTleIdr4/s1600/backpacker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-0bxaP09lpG96MVH7J1xck2oIlutauO3IoPBDktAz_TQtMOuOEeeVIrY0wboRzbl4_jMgmQsXA5u_VvBgQON6qIPMlQvknkXTA8IJJq0yhWCR3uXoCVz8Hs0pP8s1JByMHG6kTleIdr4/s320/backpacker.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Puerto Natales - backpacker central (a litter bin!)</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our group at Torres del Paine</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbYeHa_ZclbaO-SC5lMf8VwBT897p6GnXhUhVyWlkZ0h-6bxrF35yajnvfqxYbDvk4tFfYjYoVcDlKXLSR9EJZIveCLfdenBvC5n4LNp-dNgUJzgJFKdv1SN_fScJKC-0LOPYRItOO6yM/s1600/ice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbYeHa_ZclbaO-SC5lMf8VwBT897p6GnXhUhVyWlkZ0h-6bxrF35yajnvfqxYbDvk4tFfYjYoVcDlKXLSR9EJZIveCLfdenBvC5n4LNp-dNgUJzgJFKdv1SN_fScJKC-0LOPYRItOO6yM/s320/ice.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ice calved from Grey Glacier - the most we saw in the whole expedition!</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Katy at our lunch stop opposite the towers</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mylodon cave</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the towers</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Close-up</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoPfc5NoW-mUUHXPB2sxMY9u0Ir4OdFckLYc72F-5_6ZNKv30EoGgpl4fUXHs98a4QJ6rRHOgNYUT7mWuG-DCAUQfAlRI76BuSKqzjwVOaRGUQ3udNdu8QB67jjymfq2F7l2bftiMqmQ/s1600/mylodon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoPfc5NoW-mUUHXPB2sxMY9u0Ir4OdFckLYc72F-5_6ZNKv30EoGgpl4fUXHs98a4QJ6rRHOgNYUT7mWuG-DCAUQfAlRI76BuSKqzjwVOaRGUQ3udNdu8QB67jjymfq2F7l2bftiMqmQ/s320/mylodon.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The mylodon - giant extinct sloth!</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9hgJ4RNAaiQvo1V_AUS1KUdJGbLJL47KWBjgg8zzN9yAM9X7Lfk8oAxcctgWTTafIg67rPAFt64PCJZYBSJ41P2L5Lwq3G_e3Rv8bkHtvInHDjqKtaGHs6QXpMx7msuDOM2KUwp42exE/s1600/tdp3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9hgJ4RNAaiQvo1V_AUS1KUdJGbLJL47KWBjgg8zzN9yAM9X7Lfk8oAxcctgWTTafIg67rPAFt64PCJZYBSJ41P2L5Lwq3G_e3Rv8bkHtvInHDjqKtaGHs6QXpMx7msuDOM2KUwp42exE/s320/tdp3.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The shores of Lake Grey</td></tr>
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On a personal note, I'd just like to thank everyone who has followed the blog and sent me messages during our travels. It's been a pleasure sharing some of the work we do (and fun we have!) with you all.Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-12997089530565424522012-03-24T13:03:00.001-07:002012-03-24T13:03:32.535-07:00Cruise end...A quick update to let you all know that the cruise ended successfully and the scientists are now returning to their respective countries. We are all pleased to be home with our families and looking forward to getting stuck into all the data we have collected in the weeks and months ahead.<br />
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Before returning, many of the young scientists on the trip spent a day sightseeing in the beautiful Torres del Paine National Park in Chile. Photos to follow in the coming days...Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-12628839926291925912012-03-18T13:54:00.001-07:002012-03-18T16:40:35.299-07:00Scientist Profile: Alexander Brearley<style>
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<span lang="EN-US">Finally, blog readers, it's the turn of your blog author to tell you a little bit about his involvement in the DIMES project!</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Where do you work and what is your connection to DIMES? </span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">I work at the National Oceanography Centre,
Southampton as a <a href="http://www.personal.soton.ac.uk/%7Ejab5" target="_blank">DIMES postdoctoral researcher</a> with Alberto Naveira Garabato.
My contribution to DIMES is primarily to work on data from the UK mooring
array, which forms an integral part of the project.</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">What’s the purpose of the moorings?</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">The two-year long deployment aims
to uncover some of the underlying mechanisms that lead to mixing in the
Southern Ocean. Many previous studies have suggested that ocean turbulence is
enhanced when internal waves found between different density layers in the
ocean break. We believe that the generation of these internal waves is greater
over regions where the sea floor is relatively rough. To test this idea, the
DIMES mooring array was located over a 10 km-wide sea floor bump in the Scotia
Sea, in a region where the bottom currents are relatively strong. In addition,
the moorings allow us to quantify the energy budget of the region, including
the transfers of energy between the large-scale currents, eddies and internal
waves.</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Which sorts of instruments do you use to
test these ideas?</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">In total, there are over 70 individual
instruments on the UK moorings. These include current meters which measure
water speed and direction and Microcats which measure temperature, salinity and
pressure. In addition, we use a number of more sophisticated instruments
including an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) which measures currents
at a number of different depth levels simultaneously, and a McLane Moored
Profiler which moves up and down the mooring wire obtaining measurements of
current speed, temperature and salinity every few seconds. Having such a wide
range of different sensors is enabling us to understand the time-varying
processes at work.</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">What sorts of things have you been doing on
the cruise?</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">I have primarily been responsible for the
data acquisition and processing of the mooring data. This includes helping the
technical team to document, move and clean up the instruments as they come back
on board, as well as downloading and quality-controlling the data. I am really
looking forward to getting my teeth into the data when I get back to
Southampton as we have had a really successful second year with only a couple
of instrument failures.</span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">In addition to my work duties, I have also
taken some time to write the cruise blog – I hope you have all enjoyed reading it as
much as I have enjoyed writing it!</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">What’s it been like writing the blog?</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">It has been a great opportunity to show to
the world a little bit of what we do and to inspire other people to come and
work in oceanography. From a science perspective, the Southern Ocean is one of
the least well-understood parts of the planet yet it seems to have a critical
role both in ocean circulation and in the carbon cycling. I hope that through
the words and pictures that people have contributed to the blog we have managed
to convey some of our enthusiasm for this fascinating place.</span></i></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-45025085029256667112012-03-18T13:46:00.003-07:002012-03-18T13:46:48.656-07:00The final float...Our final science work was completed yesterday with the deployment of an Argo float towards the northern end of Drake Passage. I spoke to Brian King from the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and asked him to tell me a little about the SOLO float we deployed. Here is his account:<br />
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<i><span lang="EN-US">"Today we gently lowered into the sea the
last of nine floats we have been deploying for the <a href="http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/" target="_blank">international Argo program</a>. Not unlike a diver's buoyancy control jacket, each float has an
inflatable bladder that enables it to sink to 1 km depth, drift for 10 days and
then dive a further kilometre before rising to the surface and sending data
ashore by satellite. During its cycle it makes measurements of ocean
temperature and salinity that will be used to understand the changing ocean on
timescales of weeks to decades. These particular floats, deployed on behalf of
colleagues at the <a href="http://www.whoi.edu/" target="_blank">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</a>, join a fleet of over
3000 active floats contributed by over 20 countries, which between them provide
data that describe the global ocean with unprecedented detail. In the last 10
years, floats like these have gathered more ocean profiles than the entire
history of ocean observing put together. And they don't mind whether its night
or day, summer or winter, good weather or bad. Our float will continue its
lonely vigil in the cold dark ocean for 5 years, drifting wherever the currents
take it, visiting the surface briefly every ten days, until its batteries are
exhausted and it can no longer reach the surface or broadcast data. Its mission
will then be complete, its task to be taken up by a new float deployed from
another research expedition not yet planned."</span></i></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letting go of the float!</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US">Many thanks to Louis St. Laurent for the photos of the deployment. We are currently steaming northwards towards Punta Arenas, and should reach our berth around 4pm tomorrow. After the completion of the final data processing and compilation of the ever-important cruise report, it will be time to start packing up our equipment...</span><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></div>
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<br />Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-54324773820992516372012-03-17T09:39:00.000-07:002012-03-17T09:39:20.051-07:00Stormy seas<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US">Well – it had to happen in Drake Passage.
After a few weeks of relatively quiet weather, we have finally hit stormy seas.
With winds up to 40 knots and 6 to 7 metres of swell, science operations have
been suspended. During a brief lull in the weather last night, the ship’s crew
and technicians pulled out all the stops to get a CTD cast done in the middle
of Drake Passage.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">There have been some blog requests for a
map of our progress, and I am happy to oblige, dear readers! Whilst the plot
looks like a little bit of a spider’s web (including two trips to Stanley),
you can see that we have effectively sampled both the North Scotia Ridge
between the Falklands and South Georgia and the SR1 repeat line. Unfortunately,
weather has meant that our tracer sampling of Drake Passage (where we are
currently) has been coarser than we would have wanted but early results from
the section are still encouraging.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYlDMIyo6JQkJ9aFparf-HShtTI2b256D5rrfybN7aHL1loC0behhwy1_Qv3gq99mOIdZ_78gHWzQZx9HGJgGaOl1A592rPMvWWBo0mdGo8SCUY-iPdvjHi7rw6jDdp3BpvAAoLh9_-yM/s1600/map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="521" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYlDMIyo6JQkJ9aFparf-HShtTI2b256D5rrfybN7aHL1loC0behhwy1_Qv3gq99mOIdZ_78gHWzQZx9HGJgGaOl1A592rPMvWWBo0mdGo8SCUY-iPdvjHi7rw6jDdp3BpvAAoLh9_-yM/s640/map.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map showing the cruise track, starting in the north from Montevideo. The red dots indicate CTD stations and the yellow crosses are float positions.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-68262938037495101482012-03-14T09:06:00.000-07:002012-03-14T09:06:01.722-07:00Making the most of a weather window...<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US">The cruise is now entering its final week,
and with a Drake Passage storm due to hit tomorrow, we are working flat-out to
get as much work completed as possible before we get stopped by the weather. It
looks from the forecasts as if we could be put out of operation for at least a
couple of days, meaning the work we do in the next 24 hours could be crucial to
our success. We are attempting to complete a south-north Drake Passage section
to analyse the cross-stream distribution of the tracer (dye) and find out how
much has penetrated across the various ocean fronts that separate the different
water masses of this region. Bearing in mind the weather down-time which we
know is coming tomorrow, we are not currently doing any VMP profiles, though
this could change if the weather ameliorates. I'll update you all soon with our progress...</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-86609896553959223542012-03-11T11:19:00.001-07:002012-03-11T11:19:33.194-07:00Taking a dip!<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US">No, this is not about any of us going swimming in the 3°C seawater! It’s instead about calibrating the Microcat sensors
that were placed on our moorings. These instruments were put on the moorings to
measure temperature, pressure and conductivity (from which we derive salinity)
over a year. In order to check that these values are accurate, we strap the
instruments (seen on the picture below) to the CTD frame for a so-called
“calibration-dip”. The CTD is then stopped for 6 minutes at a number of different
depth levels, during which we obtain measurements of temperature, pressure and
conductivity from both the Microcats (which have a relatively slow response
time) and from the carefully calibrated CTD itself. This ensures that we are
able to detect any drifts or offsets in the Microcat data.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuVeALDXlE59rTFyu9fmlfAAPvOr_NwQeWPtM-j1s7uQzmixxFD2xFgMXuNqFdLpdsVZYGW52nW5EwELvmUW-pj9OnY6Tj0aUSPnfduTJB5oLnCKm9h6yQI-zrqvMjVsfa_KpcagwGsM4/s1600/dips.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuVeALDXlE59rTFyu9fmlfAAPvOr_NwQeWPtM-j1s7uQzmixxFD2xFgMXuNqFdLpdsVZYGW52nW5EwELvmUW-pj9OnY6Tj0aUSPnfduTJB5oLnCKm9h6yQI-zrqvMjVsfa_KpcagwGsM4/s320/dips.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-42320445563328410612012-03-10T18:30:00.002-08:002012-03-10T18:30:50.597-08:00Weather or not to CTD ...<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Unfortunately,
35 knot winds and high seas meant a period of 16 hours of science downtime
today. The captain reassessed the conditions at 8 pm tonight and operations have since resumed. We aim to have completed
our north-south section across the Scotia Sea by Monday evening. In the
meantime, Uriel and Xinfeng took some great photos of the sunset last night,
which they have kindly shared with us… </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW53CC2MDis9G9Ctko_2a6Sw6q3cTXruYU7JjGxf7ly9OwH86QwtdYPyXBCsXjo05FtCbufP7SZiXOYdSisKyoq6yhJLXjYGEF-VdVNl5yvNuG7esIenfgZE5XJTSf3jMeX6jDXzoQYFA/s1600/sunset_uriel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW53CC2MDis9G9Ctko_2a6Sw6q3cTXruYU7JjGxf7ly9OwH86QwtdYPyXBCsXjo05FtCbufP7SZiXOYdSisKyoq6yhJLXjYGEF-VdVNl5yvNuG7esIenfgZE5XJTSf3jMeX6jDXzoQYFA/s320/sunset_uriel.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjLb4FXu23hXThDREV1OkguvYU3wH7bK21VR2dvRedZSxvBNvMyYKzlMd7GcYEw2JC1dXXkMMAAKlzQ8O5Q8Vibl1Es32Mh1kAY1zttkNuR9BnlcNn3a_2oryhqlDxeFrqGFA8o48p21I/s1600/sunset_xinfeng.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjLb4FXu23hXThDREV1OkguvYU3wH7bK21VR2dvRedZSxvBNvMyYKzlMd7GcYEw2JC1dXXkMMAAKlzQ8O5Q8Vibl1Es32Mh1kAY1zttkNuR9BnlcNn3a_2oryhqlDxeFrqGFA8o48p21I/s320/sunset_xinfeng.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-11154824090708463662012-03-09T17:38:00.000-08:002012-03-09T17:38:18.568-08:00Scientist Profile: Katy Sheen<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBHVmjrjQvrL6joMSrZTbhUlb_64I9V4b-a20gwuae7OiCUOsE2bYcoLEAwdjYhyICXc1A07Z2bd4AzZsdd4AyRxvxD456EAgoAYCpzsJux7T0g2CanRfwrhBGJPKnDiZHUf4RoDYmDo/s1600/katy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBHVmjrjQvrL6joMSrZTbhUlb_64I9V4b-a20gwuae7OiCUOsE2bYcoLEAwdjYhyICXc1A07Z2bd4AzZsdd4AyRxvxD456EAgoAYCpzsJux7T0g2CanRfwrhBGJPKnDiZHUf4RoDYmDo/s320/katy.jpg" width="214" /></a><span lang="EN-US">I work at the National Oceanography Centre
in Southampton, UK as a postdoctoral researcher for the DIMES project. I
primarily look at the data that we collect using the vertical microstructure
probes (VMP). These data are important as they provides 'on-the spot' estimates
of the vertical mixing present in the ocean, in contrast to the time and space
averaged values determined from the yearly spread of the tracer (dye). On the
James Cook, my main role has been helping to deploy and recover the VMP, and to
process the data. It can be a little nerve-racking, making sure that you have
programmed the VMP correctly so that it doesn't crash into the sea bed! </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Back in the office, I have been looking in
detail at what kind of processes cause the variations in mixing that we observe
in the VMP data. One source of mixing is the breaking of waves produced from
the interaction of bottom currents with bumps in the sea-bed. These waves
(internal waves) radiate through the ocean interior along density layers. When
the internal waves lose enough energy, they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>break, mixing up the water - just like waves breaking on the beach. High
levels of ocean mixing are therefore associated with rough topography and
strong currents, as in the DIMES region of study. The energy from internal
waves contributes to pumping deep ocean waters back to the surface through
vertical mixing, powering the global overturning circulation. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Internal waves typically have wavelengths
of about 100 m, and information about the internal wave field can be obtained
from the temperature, salinity and current velocity data collected by the CTD
which is deployed at the same time as the VMP.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(The data obtained by the VMP is on the millimetre scales). These CTD
data, along with theoretical ideas about how and when internal waves break, can
be used to estimate mixing too. One of my main areas of research is to look at
how well mixing estimates from CTD data compare to those measured directly by
the VMP.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US">What do you enjoy about being at sea?</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I enjoy working in a completely different
environment , especially somewhere as beautiful and remote as the Southern
Ocean - it's not a place where many people get the opportunity to visit! It's
also a lot of fun meeting the other scientists and crew working on the project
and exciting to be involved in such a dynamic and cutting-edge science
programme. I normally manage to sneak in some travelling too - this year I
spent a week camping in Uruguay before joining the ship in Montevideo.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US">What do you hope to gain?</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Hopefully lots of data, new friends and I'd
love to see an ice-berg!</span></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-69797086840862878262012-03-07T16:14:00.000-08:002012-03-07T16:14:09.065-08:00Mooring operations complete!<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US">Just a quick update to let you all know
that we successfully recovered the rest of our mooring equipment and have
started downloading the data from all the instruments. We steamed northwards
overnight to start a north to south transect of the Scotia Sea, including both
CTD and VMP work. We had a showery day today, though the upside of that was a
great double rainbow, captured below by Uriel.</span></div>
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<br />Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-26746596505946209702012-03-07T15:12:00.001-08:002012-03-07T15:12:30.072-08:00Scientist Profile: Dhruv Balwada<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US">Today we spoke to Dhruv, who has spent much
of the cruise busily helping the tracer team with their work in the container.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Where
are you are studying?</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I am a second year PhD student at <a href="http://www.fsu.edu/" target="_blank">Florida State University</a> working with Kevin Speer. My current research is related to
understanding how the numerous eddies and jets in the Antarctic Circumpolar
Current (ACC) control the mixing. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3CjtyCElkej9XJMKkLFZ0AFSK5GlAfXRY5ytP8EUlHBM_-zy2jZX14Js1GBmZqdw8po4PgMlMn8OJFYeEGUGg624xiXX2BsdNpcKA8Ka62q5nQX2zHfRz9SEEOFKlnY3E05uRZWh_OJc/s1600/dhruv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3CjtyCElkej9XJMKkLFZ0AFSK5GlAfXRY5ytP8EUlHBM_-zy2jZX14Js1GBmZqdw8po4PgMlMn8OJFYeEGUGg624xiXX2BsdNpcKA8Ka62q5nQX2zHfRz9SEEOFKlnY3E05uRZWh_OJc/s320/dhruv.jpg" width="319" /></a><span lang="EN-US">My involvement with the DIMES project has
been related to processing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAFOS_float" target="_blank">RAFOS float</a> trajectories. These density layer
following floats were deployed along with a tracer at key sites in the ACC to
get a picture of the effect of eddies and jets. Each float has a story to tell
about where it went, how fast it went, what kind of events it witnessed during
its time in the water, did it get stuck in situations out of which it was hard
to get out and a lot more. Each story is very interesting in itself, but we
need to combine all the stories together and then an image starts to emerge.
This image gives us an idea about the mixing rates, the scales of flow, where
the dominant patches of energy are located, what eddies do to fluid particles
and a lot more. In a few words, I do processing, analysis and statistics on
Lagrangian (flow-following) particles to get estimates of mixing regimes at
play in the region.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
do you personally want to get out of this cruise?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For me this cruise is a learning experience
about going to sea and how research cruises operate. It also gives me to
opportunity to see first hand how the data are collected for both the tracer
and microstructure components of DIMES. I have been working with the tracer
team and have gained experience in sampling and analyzing sea water for the
tracer and a few other CFCs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
do you enjoy about going to sea?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I enjoy the rocking motion of the ship,
it’s like being on a never ending amusement park ride! It also gives us
oceanographers the opportunity to get closer to our element.</span></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-78093287961667647172012-03-05T17:17:00.000-08:002012-03-05T17:17:13.965-08:00Making 'moor' progress...<style>
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</style><span lang="EN-US">Under clear skies and with light winds, we
recovered four of our six moorings today. These moorings, which contain
instruments at a variety of different depth levels measuring current speed,
pressure, temperature and salinity, were deployed on the UK2 DIMES Cruise in
December 2010 and have collected 14 months of data. The aim of the experiment
is to investigate mixing and internal wave breaking processes over a sea-floor
rise close to the Subantarctic Front.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj876lOS6cDiqOBfbaXj3ctmTy6gt1MwgMZWQWWBZi7X6E9hhTksaeS4PQGLwpykhCp7w-48tNX85VqX_ojYdNfVn2YHEicm-5abXb-viMHCDPNkwXcjvK-U2tt9rhRLjjKDHlZiMsTPHk/s1600/moorings1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj876lOS6cDiqOBfbaXj3ctmTy6gt1MwgMZWQWWBZi7X6E9hhTksaeS4PQGLwpykhCp7w-48tNX85VqX_ojYdNfVn2YHEicm-5abXb-viMHCDPNkwXcjvK-U2tt9rhRLjjKDHlZiMsTPHk/s320/moorings1.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mooring operations on the aft deck</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv4JFC2ph_c26hBgda0uCUO4uu-4H5aOQNmnpKuB47o82SRffcJ912wLW1cdTsbjRpdOueBphIunBSQNUwkb0JeNY3w6fpI9vTBCG_j3hNc1me-yxWJlsidSuNmh4N7wiUGHoLz2nWPTA/s1600/moorings2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv4JFC2ph_c26hBgda0uCUO4uu-4H5aOQNmnpKuB47o82SRffcJ912wLW1cdTsbjRpdOueBphIunBSQNUwkb0JeNY3w6fpI9vTBCG_j3hNc1me-yxWJlsidSuNmh4N7wiUGHoLz2nWPTA/s320/moorings2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Disassembling and storing buoyancy spheres</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6v8VSENy35MCY7RXm7eHUzfXvL9OH3Xmt9KSPnMNDzCyck4qiBlMQSHBTvNHbaCbTv-vekPZyb1bKtBepENC_cYNw654HBRuIE1uqrVLWN-TziwlZuVGizqDaf51SwU8H-YbYq7pWSnY/s1600/moorings3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6v8VSENy35MCY7RXm7eHUzfXvL9OH3Xmt9KSPnMNDzCyck4qiBlMQSHBTvNHbaCbTv-vekPZyb1bKtBepENC_cYNw654HBRuIE1uqrVLWN-TziwlZuVGizqDaf51SwU8H-YbYq7pWSnY/s320/moorings3.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mick and Steve at work with the crane</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnagJT-3Cn79UKRSRW7aK7xgJBL9XCXExAoVifgWM-Bnmcc_R8v21NQz-2W8lmP_xljALji1jYULgB8hHMS6EvWVXq3ftGerhVuniaFw81SzEFxX4k7c4KCE3TpJMecetY377HFxSUJo0/s1600/moorings4.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnagJT-3Cn79UKRSRW7aK7xgJBL9XCXExAoVifgWM-Bnmcc_R8v21NQz-2W8lmP_xljALji1jYULgB8hHMS6EvWVXq3ftGerhVuniaFw81SzEFxX4k7c4KCE3TpJMecetY377HFxSUJo0/s320/moorings4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A typical mooring recovery involves ranging
the mooring to find out its exact location, then acoustically releasing the
instruments and mooring wire from its anchor on the seabed. The mooring then
drifts to the surface and the ship is positioned to allow recovery on the aft
deck. The mooring line is then slowly hauled onboard ship and the buoyancy and
instruments removed from it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To complement this work, we aim to complete
a VMP and tow-yo CTD overnight tonight, before recovering the final two moorings
tomorrow. Many thanks to Uriel for the recovery photos.</span></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-78576276369899044312012-03-04T14:53:00.001-08:002012-03-04T14:53:27.122-08:00How does the ship work? It’s Engine-ious…<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Control room</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE62WjO5KCwz1IFs_U2Mx_QBU5OD1FD02rUa0vv0wTiJF9xEQo1ywIz2qFYU-Fb9NTycZS5DqFuR7Nx8eDDsVL8apaAkh1RLM5qLPY7SIe2hl-pY512zrUxjCZuMfMXDPhd5Rpg8dstps/s1600/engine_room2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE62WjO5KCwz1IFs_U2Mx_QBU5OD1FD02rUa0vv0wTiJF9xEQo1ywIz2qFYU-Fb9NTycZS5DqFuR7Nx8eDDsVL8apaAkh1RLM5qLPY7SIe2hl-pY512zrUxjCZuMfMXDPhd5Rpg8dstps/s320/engine_room2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ship's main engines</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US">After we had finished our CTD operations
this morning, a group of scientists were shown around the engine room by Third
Engineer Bill. We spent an hour clambering around amongst the engines and
generators and were even shown what happens to all the ship’s sewage! RRS James
Cook has four engines, generating the same amount of power as used by the
Falkland Islands! Fuel consumption onboard generally averages around 10 tonnes
per day, though this increases to 24 tonnes at maximum speed (16 knots). The ship
can make 11 m<sup>3</sup> of fresh water per day and the vessel has four
thrusters for maneuverability and stability. The ship can also move up to 6
knots sideways!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Many thanks to Bill for the excellent tour.
Uriel and Katy have kindly shared some photos.</span></div>
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The sewage system and test toilet!</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crawling around ...</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alex cooling off by the air vent</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ben and Katy trying out the tools for size...</td></tr>
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<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-31237040000465403512012-03-03T15:24:00.001-08:002012-03-03T15:26:22.741-08:00Tropical Questions!<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">After the work had finished last night many
of the scientists and crew spent a few hours in the ship’s bar doing a pub quiz
set by our resident quizmaster Carl. The theme for the party was tropical, so
it was grass skirts, snorkels and palm trees all round! The eventual winners
were “Quizteama Aguilera”, comprising John, Graham, Steve and Wally. Many
thanks to Heather, Katy, Carl and the galley for organising a great evening, and to Andy for the photographs.</span>
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steve and Ben in tropical attire</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carl and Marie-Jose</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Neill in arboreal headgear, with Gabriella</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA1TJKIr0Y3xJ6PoX6ZcO7751vbWgnp7B5v0GTTUUWlgn_hqsncs5Jeu7JbWu2czXDihh0xYLSG4PFs9PaDaa56pmrNhr6ng1sOz-CI0xNicj-uv5F4mtG8xZOkjux7tQFR9ZUagJYf9A/s1600/quizteam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA1TJKIr0Y3xJ6PoX6ZcO7751vbWgnp7B5v0GTTUUWlgn_hqsncs5Jeu7JbWu2czXDihh0xYLSG4PFs9PaDaa56pmrNhr6ng1sOz-CI0xNicj-uv5F4mtG8xZOkjux7tQFR9ZUagJYf9A/s320/quizteam.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Heads down for "The Beach Babes"</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">We have just arrived on station to the
north of Burdwood Bank and are doing the first of our CTDs here. Unfortunately,
there is currently thick fog in the work area, postponing VMP operations at the
moment.</span></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-67841525773635257012012-03-03T07:56:00.000-08:002012-03-03T07:59:39.502-08:00AARDVARK: isn’t that the first word in the dictionary?<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span lang="EN-US">The word may appear on page 1 of any
English Dictionary, but to us the AARDVARK programme instead refers to a series
of float deployments that forms an integral part of the DIMES project. The aim
of AARDVARK is to identify places in the ocean where two or more floats
deployed in a similar location experience a very rapid, exponential-type
separation over time. This can give us important information about ocean
mixing. The floats themselves drift on the surface, but have a sock (or drogue)
which hangs 15 m below sea level, meaning the float moves with the
near-surface currents (and not the wind). The position of the floats over time
is tracked by satellite.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span lang="EN-US">Last night, we deployed eight of these
drifters as we steamed westwards towards the north side of Burdwood Bank. In a
slight change to our schedule, we are now aiming to do a short CTD and VMP
survey of this region overnight tonight before steaming southwards to recover
the moorings on Monday.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paul and Steve deploying a drifter last night</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOscUjp7XrX28XzmhNGQzH9gO_ggtKTHyUw4nXX5h3mohtU197bi8NSov5CE_W0xby8LHD_xvV3KwrTldlIAv7iEQyTMjHloBChZxBd7Gq6ZyROVKyIv5JKa1Qg0EiTqMyfRPDsrvnq_A/s1600/drifter2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOscUjp7XrX28XzmhNGQzH9gO_ggtKTHyUw4nXX5h3mohtU197bi8NSov5CE_W0xby8LHD_xvV3KwrTldlIAv7iEQyTMjHloBChZxBd7Gq6ZyROVKyIv5JKa1Qg0EiTqMyfRPDsrvnq_A/s320/drifter2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Four drifters ready for deployment on deck.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-55280768414978544002012-03-01T17:52:00.001-08:002012-03-01T17:52:10.900-08:00I would steam 500 miles..<style>
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<span lang="EN-US">Well, 502 to be precise, to start the
recovery of a set of moorings that we deployed last year. I’ll tell you more
about that in the next couple of days, but along our steam we will also be
deploying eight surface drifters that track the near-surface currents and
identify different mixing pathways. We’ll try and get some pictures of the
deployment operations tomorrow!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2k31H65pZkfj__uy7jrLrDICOrR0Z_M-bc-WEM4b8HNayflsSwbZNMzlpCba8eiRMRSJsRELjmXxFdLPcFsGm9ssjQaQC_inB4-SZJbfsclVEjOkrzcc-euK9k9ENhhBfPxsExUK6dk/s1600/steve2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2k31H65pZkfj__uy7jrLrDICOrR0Z_M-bc-WEM4b8HNayflsSwbZNMzlpCba8eiRMRSJsRELjmXxFdLPcFsGm9ssjQaQC_inB4-SZJbfsclVEjOkrzcc-euK9k9ENhhBfPxsExUK6dk/s320/steve2.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Best wishes to Steve who celebrates his birthday today</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjex30PhyphenhyphenErWFOrJkqq4vMGYw_DaGAYbW1mJdkvFfKZxpkM9tD02pkWwZnyeP9aX2fTxS4ojYpUwpJ9h7aXlXZuc2xO3UF7wm_VxzxpIEKXAED0Zr3Lq_8Kr_DHbfqzdiwyftZqpzjEikk/s1600/steve1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjex30PhyphenhyphenErWFOrJkqq4vMGYw_DaGAYbW1mJdkvFfKZxpkM9tD02pkWwZnyeP9aX2fTxS4ojYpUwpJ9h7aXlXZuc2xO3UF7wm_VxzxpIEKXAED0Zr3Lq_8Kr_DHbfqzdiwyftZqpzjEikk/s320/steve1.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steve receiving one of Stanley's finest pieces of penguin parphernalia!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<br />Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-5859017817656766652012-02-29T14:50:00.000-08:002012-02-29T14:54:58.728-08:00Scientist Profile: Neill Mackay<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Since the first of our scientist profiles
appeared, contributions have been coming thick and fast! Today, <a href="http://www.uea.ac.uk/env/people/People/Postgraduate+Research+Students/Neill+Mackay" target="_blank">Neill Mackay</a>, a
second year PhD student at the University of East Anglia, tells us a bit about
his research interests:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
is your involvement with the DIMES project?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6v_ks-ryyApnVXCxyTigDUPdmuW13OpC49Gs4yzQdxtrOfZhGVDNeE2t9nlQFRlxi9Mc8-6jt3r7XxEBaUuUeAIPi6v3fh-e982yvn9gP6sEdugTNPTttCVmnUggcX96TdnpT8BplxTY/s1600/neill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6v_ks-ryyApnVXCxyTigDUPdmuW13OpC49Gs4yzQdxtrOfZhGVDNeE2t9nlQFRlxi9Mc8-6jt3r7XxEBaUuUeAIPi6v3fh-e982yvn9gP6sEdugTNPTttCVmnUggcX96TdnpT8BplxTY/s320/neill.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Neill collecting water samples from the CTD rosette</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">DIMES
is the fuel for my PhD. I'm interested in the diapycnal mixing in Drake Passage,
and while on land I'm attempting to model the tracer (dye) evolution using an
offline version of the numerical model MITgcm, comparing its outputs to the tracer measurements
we are making on the cruises. Ultimately I'm hoping to come up with
a model for the 3D distribution of diapycnal diffusivity (a quantity measuring mixing across ocean density surfaces) over the whole of the
DIMES tracer region which could be applied to other parts of the ocean.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
do you personally want to get out of this cruise?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">More
tracer profiles! The more real data I have to compare with the model and make
adjustments to it, the better the end product should be.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
do you enjoy about going to sea?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">I'm
well known amongst colleagues as the grumpy one when it comes to being at sea,
so I'd have to say....going home!</span></i></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-8556803854208112352012-02-28T16:06:00.002-08:002012-02-28T16:06:19.579-08:00Halftime hits!As we reach the halfway stage of the cruise, I'd just like to say a quick thanks to everyone who is following for supporting the blog. Google reliably informs me that we have now had over 5000 page hits, with people viewing in the UK, US, Spain, Argentina, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia and many more!<br />
<br />
In other news, we should complete the last of our work in Shag Rocks Passage tonight before moving eastwards along the North Scotia Ridge towards South Georgia. We have enjoyed really flat seas in the last couple of days, just going to show that it isn't always stormy down here!Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-9923570243196992692012-02-28T15:51:00.001-08:002012-02-28T15:51:15.789-08:00Scientist Profile: Ben Mills<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm9Vb2YeybIo2pnyloSsmDcS-LbxZq57aKl9BoXtQ6aHYBbawCDChFHS16FJhxyb1p5FZ3fXjyYBEf_-Ra0BWmI0z843ea6jlpo4RLth-BF3hP_Sn2azEYbNyCguI6XgxKl8ziThOXK_8/s1600/ben_bottles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm9Vb2YeybIo2pnyloSsmDcS-LbxZq57aKl9BoXtQ6aHYBbawCDChFHS16FJhxyb1p5FZ3fXjyYBEf_-Ra0BWmI0z843ea6jlpo4RLth-BF3hP_Sn2azEYbNyCguI6XgxKl8ziThOXK_8/s320/ben_bottles.jpg" width="320" /></a><span lang="EN-US">An important
member of our tracer team on board, <a href="http://www.uea.ac.uk/env/people/People/Postgraduate+Research+Students/millsb" target="_blank">Ben</a> took a few minutes to tell us a little
about his background and research interests:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Where are you are working/studying?</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">I’m in the final year of my PhD at the University of
East Anglia in Norwich (UK). My work focuses on the Earth’s combined
biological, geological and chemical cycles, and the evolution of this ‘Earth
system’ over the last 4.5 billion years. I make simple mathematical models, and
attempt to unravel the mysteries presented in the geologic record, with
varying degrees of success...</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">You can see some of my recent work <a href="http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v4/n12/full/ngeo1305.html" target="_blank">here</a></span></i><span lang="EN-US">.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What is your involvement with the DIMES project?</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">I’m a bit of a stow-away on this cruise, not being an
oceanographer and all that. The tracer experiments are run by our research
group at UEA, and they needed an extra hand to help with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the 24hr sampling. They also mentioned that there would be free food. </span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What do you personally want to get out of this cruise?</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">This is the first time I’ve been to sea, so for me
it’s been a great experience already. As a computer modeller, I rely
completely on other people's data, so it is nice to give something back by helping
with the sampling. </span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What do you enjoy about going to sea/working in
oceanography?</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">It’s fun. Lots of cool places and wildlife to see.
Everyone is interesting and friendly. Did I mention the free food?</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-75204942009462870762012-02-27T14:30:00.000-08:002012-02-27T14:31:00.106-08:00Wildlife pictures from the bridge<br />
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<span lang="EN-US">Second officer
Mike has given us these great shots of what we believe to be a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin_whale" target="_blank">fin whale</a> and some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hourglass_dolphin" target="_blank">hourglass dolphins</a> seen
from the ship in the last couple of days. Many thanks to him!</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-55328782416716734312012-02-27T14:19:00.001-08:002012-02-27T14:19:45.316-08:00Scientist Profile: Uriel Zajaczkovski<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"></span>In today’s blog update, we spoke to Uriel,
who is a PhD student on the UK DIMES 3 cruise. We started by asking him about
his background and the research he is undertaking:</div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">I am
studying at <a href="http://sio.ucsd.edu/Profile/uzajaczkovski" target="_blank">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">
under the guidance of <a href="http://www-pord.ucsd.edu/%7Esgille/" target="_blank">Sarah Gille</a>.
My research is currently focused on how heat is transported from the equator to
high latitudes. In particular, the Southern Ocean circulation plays an
important role in the Earth’s climate system by controlling the oceanic
meridional (north-south) heat transport in the Southern Hemisphere. Despite this fundamental
role, the details of how heat is being transported still remain unclear.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq18teUgS9DZ32u7O8oHEVEULN0fEuM0u_v3zyFi1VjOL7L-C1sTHop8cjlP2QsENj3kmOwZBayKJccUleJ5V_fVv5btC6iPK3Do9tiRmWbGESgtXLRdTCrTvCOcfq1Yn0YTj3xstcFJE/s1600/uriel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq18teUgS9DZ32u7O8oHEVEULN0fEuM0u_v3zyFi1VjOL7L-C1sTHop8cjlP2QsENj3kmOwZBayKJccUleJ5V_fVv5btC6iPK3Do9tiRmWbGESgtXLRdTCrTvCOcfq1Yn0YTj3xstcFJE/s320/uriel.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Uriel in the main lab</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
is your involvement with the DIMES project?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">One of DIMES’s goals is to quantify mixing along and
across isopycnals. A suitable coordinate system for the study of isopycnal
mixing in the Southern Ocean is therefore needed. Eddy diffusivities via
Taylor’s approach can only be estimated for homogeneous and random motions;
dispersion effects from the mean shear flow must be filtered out. Otherwise
diffusivity estimates in regions of high horizontal shear, such as the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current fronts, are expected to behave non-asymptotically at large
lags. Therefore the estimation of a robust mean flow is of vital importance in
order to achieve stable estimates of isopycnal mixing. For the past few months,
I have been working on the estimation of the mean density, temperature and
salinity fields of the Southern Ocean by combining in situ <a href="http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/" target="_blank">Argo float</a>
measurements and <a href="http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/en/altimetry/index.html" target="_blank">satellite altimeter</a> data. The percentage of variance captured by the
altimeter can be as high as 40% at the density surface where the tracer (dye) was
injected. Moreover, the signal to noise ratio shows a substantial improvement.
This suggests that when altimeter data are used in combination with in situ
Argo float measurements, fewer observations are required to produce a stable
estimate of time-averaged density field.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
do you personally want to get out of this cruise?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">I am here mostly for the experience and to learn as
much as I can about microstructure profilers. It is also a good opportunity to
meet colleagues and find out what they are working on.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What
do you enjoy about going to sea and working in oceanography?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Being at sea for long periods of time can be really
fun if one has the right attitude, and the possibility to explore remote places
is definitely a plus. For me, one of the most exciting things about Physical
Oceanography is the fact that it is a relatively new branch of Physics. A lot
of controversy still remains in the most basic subjects and our understanding
is being re-shaped and broadened every day. These are very exciting times for
oceanographers!</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Uriel works the
evening shift on ship and has taken the opportunity to grab a couple of great
sunset pictures. Enjoy!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiTTTfkj1qxicmEld3p4GFlFbcaNb_beR63YYXqkbvXxumrqzBZIlno9yTLiF3ttPzjldhyphenhyphenCzpx8_V2eD46LoCFJhQtU7X-mHnweJsaiwpJT61gWLuiKr0AtbUMC6CfhWmpvJgkFYzPvk/s1600/parallelogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiTTTfkj1qxicmEld3p4GFlFbcaNb_beR63YYXqkbvXxumrqzBZIlno9yTLiF3ttPzjldhyphenhyphenCzpx8_V2eD46LoCFJhQtU7X-mHnweJsaiwpJT61gWLuiKr0AtbUMC6CfhWmpvJgkFYzPvk/s320/parallelogram.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEscPBhb-Sco4PNxHlfSXxzfXQZzwV0V-F-fdccoLdd9i8tCXlBXT-4assU9DugRDbZRF6jrSLUNqNjV8yPK_gNzySAaAtFOKQhlrafpi-XD9k2Ekfrkq1jlCbhDyMwZSJkczStTGZ_hM/s1600/sunset.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEscPBhb-Sco4PNxHlfSXxzfXQZzwV0V-F-fdccoLdd9i8tCXlBXT-4assU9DugRDbZRF6jrSLUNqNjV8yPK_gNzySAaAtFOKQhlrafpi-XD9k2Ekfrkq1jlCbhDyMwZSJkczStTGZ_hM/s320/sunset.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-41803365278278779002012-02-25T11:55:00.002-08:002012-02-25T12:06:37.514-08:00All go for tow-yo!<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixlDoCibyVJv4YPnSiCbpkLTXqB75gSl0kG7om7xNdXAhDYNk04hR3qxXy13Ml40i0kT-7gBei1BHk5nALqW0446BzSg_Ic4WLVi5glKXZCPrwMCjGeyf0hhjsL0jy55xfPcpSbE4CXuE/s1600/ctd_package.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixlDoCibyVJv4YPnSiCbpkLTXqB75gSl0kG7om7xNdXAhDYNk04hR3qxXy13Ml40i0kT-7gBei1BHk5nALqW0446BzSg_Ic4WLVi5glKXZCPrwMCjGeyf0hhjsL0jy55xfPcpSbE4CXuE/s400/ctd_package.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) package.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"></span><span lang="EN-US">After an aborted start prior to visiting
Stanley, we have now got into one of the most exciting parts of our science
programme. Normally when we do a CTD station we send the package to the bottom
and return it to the surface in the same location, firing bottles on the
upcast. However, we are currently operating the CTD in a different way to study
the along-stream changes in water properties as we move south to north across
Shag Rocks Passage.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This alternative mode of operation is known
as doing a “tow-yo”, and involves lowering and raising the CTD whilst the ship
is steaming slowly in the direction of the current. This allows us to track the
temperature, salinity and velocity changes following the water as it moves
through the passage. Typically, we will “yo-yo” the CTD (send it down and up)
for 3 or 4 cycles, firing bottles only on the last cast. Sampling the water in
this way will allow us to detect any changes in dye concentration as the water
transits the passage, giving us an indication as to the extent and possible
mechanisms by which water is mixing vertically.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj3ff8YnHh1RBs1O7h3H6r6MybSkT543akOC7WyV9xObGHZv2fpwT6s1ocpclvujQ8xRU3GDpkZSHe-pHR-XpWPbISz7LSwy3FJT48zfYmLAOpQPQg-bvYr_eb-hC4LVv-nal9PJlS530/s1600/paulandsteve.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj3ff8YnHh1RBs1O7h3H6r6MybSkT543akOC7WyV9xObGHZv2fpwT6s1ocpclvujQ8xRU3GDpkZSHe-pHR-XpWPbISz7LSwy3FJT48zfYmLAOpQPQg-bvYr_eb-hC4LVv-nal9PJlS530/s320/paulandsteve.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paul and Steve looking at the CTD deck unit.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Operating the CTD as a “tow-yo” requires
great care, both from the winch drivers and the bridge, in order to stop the
angle on the wire becoming too great, which can damage it. Nevertheless, we are
currently enjoying great weather conditions and are hopeful that we should be
able to “tow-yo” for the next couple of days.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUSlhACAS9Q7ePBGbDpxLoIfrXJXr2goRQGwNct3SqB40e9e5K-BQDiBPpBO9jPMTtEvkDIOE4yGnt_rdGkLXV5kWrdeJLKKIm5W9cpNbAkWH8wd7MxTLNAYeQl_Q1ScQ04V1GcytFzCg/s1600/winch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUSlhACAS9Q7ePBGbDpxLoIfrXJXr2goRQGwNct3SqB40e9e5K-BQDiBPpBO9jPMTtEvkDIOE4yGnt_rdGkLXV5kWrdeJLKKIm5W9cpNbAkWH8wd7MxTLNAYeQl_Q1ScQ04V1GcytFzCg/s320/winch.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Will and Dave driving the winch that lowers the CTD.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-59817583994089885202012-02-24T15:53:00.001-08:002012-02-24T15:53:21.019-08:00Edging eastwards<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US">Our steam back towards Shag Rocks Passage
continued today, meaning that we should arrive back in the science area around
5 a.m. tomorrow. Having observed some of the tracer (dye) in the Argentine Basin
at the start of the cruise, we took the opportunity this morning to do a
station on the continental slope to the east of the Falkland Islands. This
should enable us to understand more clearly the mixing pathways across the
ridge. All the scientists on board were relieved to be working again after a
frustrating few days and are looking forward to getting some more exciting results
in the coming days.</span></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-16563562230032625672012-02-23T17:22:00.001-08:002012-02-24T04:04:59.078-08:00A plethora of penguins!Apologies for the lack of blog updates in the last couple of days, but unfortunately a medical issue meant that the ship has had to return to the Falkland Islands. Whilst this was disappointing from the science perspective, it has given the scientists, technicians and crew a little bit of down-time. Yesterday, a group of eight visited Volunteer Point in the north of East Falkland to see the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_penguin" target="_blank">king</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentoo_penguin" target="_blank">gentoo</a> penguin colonies, whilst another group went for a shorter expedition to Gypsy Cove, where we saw three groups of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_penguin" target="_blank">Magellanic</a> (or jackass) penguins. Most of the scientists have spent this morning exploring Stanley and buying penguin-themed souvenirs! A group of us also visited the Stanley Museum, which had some fascinating exhibits on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Wolf" target="_blank">warrah</a>, an extinct fox-like creature that once inhabited the Falklands, and on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_war" target="_blank">1982 Conflict</a>. Stanley also features a 1 to 1 billion scale model of the solar system, created by a local artist. The sun appears as a metre diameter sphere in the centre of town, with the planets then found to scale to the west of the main town. Earth appears about the size of a marble a couple of hundred metres away, whilst Pluto is a tiny ball bearing close to the summit of Mount Tumbledown several kilometers to the west. Thank you to Tom and Lou for all the photos.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RRS James Cook from the launch</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The shipwreck of the Lady Elizabeth</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Magellanic penguins at Gypsy Cove</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLAKmRLrw2NVlS-f8L4XbqmwjzhlNmz_tRPLVtvTUzkM6gS7q23RNrSBMnvHeMjIPlG_74b1lqiEhV1mzyN_IV56SK__OdPhZtOwWvniZ3-kQgAlmgDllQLgEkR2VaWXC5rtituDxtzrg/s1600/yorkebay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLAKmRLrw2NVlS-f8L4XbqmwjzhlNmz_tRPLVtvTUzkM6gS7q23RNrSBMnvHeMjIPlG_74b1lqiEhV1mzyN_IV56SK__OdPhZtOwWvniZ3-kQgAlmgDllQLgEkR2VaWXC5rtituDxtzrg/s320/yorkebay.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Magellanic penguins at Yorke Bay</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The sun, at the start of the Solar System Trail, in Stanley</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Earth and moon with the sun and RRS James Cook in the background!</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ben in penguin attire with king penguins at Volunteer Point!</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">RRS James Cook by night</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCu_8uWVP6KsDsai59bnsRqdWfPu36L8aPOfT2xBqQyMQsw7O9lq4u1URAFX9k9rkJYssuyY1bX8Hu__GpS9kPm-vG1N7jVxKaZV5f6Bx4SIxcYX2k0Mgwbk9LFDt7aUp9ykuBb6hsUXo/s1600/gentoos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCu_8uWVP6KsDsai59bnsRqdWfPu36L8aPOfT2xBqQyMQsw7O9lq4u1URAFX9k9rkJYssuyY1bX8Hu__GpS9kPm-vG1N7jVxKaZV5f6Bx4SIxcYX2k0Mgwbk9LFDt7aUp9ykuBb6hsUXo/s320/gentoos.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adorable gentoo penguins swimming at Volunteer Point</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggm8HYlMWoxS44hjq8sqel3UEmiLFlnZReFqATBW7P0Wprx6iDxCJlE3HFCy-H6gw8tHIfeGraqpHDVS1NPLXyS94FCJ6RSVgEZtF0VgmYjFT8tOak4lKw_0SgtvTQzS_ZcY77VQhHGcY/s1600/kingsandgentoos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggm8HYlMWoxS44hjq8sqel3UEmiLFlnZReFqATBW7P0Wprx6iDxCJlE3HFCy-H6gw8tHIfeGraqpHDVS1NPLXyS94FCJ6RSVgEZtF0VgmYjFT8tOak4lKw_0SgtvTQzS_ZcY77VQhHGcY/s320/kingsandgentoos.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gentoos and kings at Volunteer Point beach</td></tr>
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We sailed this evening from Stanley at 6 p.m. and should return to Shag Rocks Passage on Saturday.Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6366764581975274397.post-87700064496094355932012-02-20T14:52:00.000-08:002012-02-20T14:59:43.285-08:00Tracer Tales<span lang="EN-US">In today’s installment, Dr. Marie-Jose Messias
has kindly written a few words explaining the operation of the space-age
looking equipment used in the tracer container to detect the concentration of
dye in the seawater:</span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHAd7mqZzt5tljo3Z2lvRZCJtLKIfhA4MJS7gCpMqfxRpcMo_HhEvXdHF8HSHwjbCgHGre2p3v2RisfRh82wbGFINjK1FmxBeayXW9rri7JJLzUNzp9paav_1lOG28jAljOylKXpCU-vI/s1600/container1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHAd7mqZzt5tljo3Z2lvRZCJtLKIfhA4MJS7gCpMqfxRpcMo_HhEvXdHF8HSHwjbCgHGre2p3v2RisfRh82wbGFINjK1FmxBeayXW9rri7JJLzUNzp9paav_1lOG28jAljOylKXpCU-vI/s320/container1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marie-Jose analysing tracer results</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg32J2M9ISW3Fw857KIQrSZhccY6Oyu0mFK4LK4-t-oAMj3-af5N14NCiVsAZ_v8m9ATZeBfr0H0l3ySbh8Uojcc9CeFO7T_hWTxttXK02xcn2XrihC4DDLRP4-dl0OJgMc6gmsrcLbDxI/s1600/container5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg32J2M9ISW3Fw857KIQrSZhccY6Oyu0mFK4LK4-t-oAMj3-af5N14NCiVsAZ_v8m9ATZeBfr0H0l3ySbh8Uojcc9CeFO7T_hWTxttXK02xcn2XrihC4DDLRP4-dl0OJgMc6gmsrcLbDxI/s320/container5.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The inert molecule <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CF<sub>3</sub>SF<sub>5</sub></span></i> </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzbzGYz6PaIs39um0t8NV7f6qGvh7K-f5NOQMJxir5CAe7vAlkahB2kXU2Qxk9odXvAbhR76itOK3OXumkzQvIHBTf9iTMNknc5whAmpZC1ZXSMhouSR0NkLU0cj1FRa7EUDSsT2FfGeU/s1600/container6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzbzGYz6PaIs39um0t8NV7f6qGvh7K-f5NOQMJxir5CAe7vAlkahB2kXU2Qxk9odXvAbhR76itOK3OXumkzQvIHBTf9iTMNknc5whAmpZC1ZXSMhouSR0NkLU0cj1FRa7EUDSsT2FfGeU/s320/container6.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The tracer team - Neill, Ben, Dhruv, Steve, Marie_jose and Andy</td></tr>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“Our mission is to better
understand how water from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) invades the
rest of the world’s oceans. To do this, 80 kg of tracer (trifluoromethyl
sulphur pentafluoride, CF<sub>3</sub>SF<sub>5</sub>) were released into the
Pacific side of the ACC in 2009. Since then, we have been tracking its
dispersion vertically (diapycnal mixing) and horizontally (isopycnal mixing) by
collecting water at different depths along its path towards the Atlantic and
measuring its tracer content. Our measuring instrument (which we have named
Electric Barbarella 3000) is very sensitive, and able to detect a concentration
of 5 atomoles (10<sup>-18</sup> moles/liter) or 0.5 micrograms of tracer within
a kilometre cube of seawater. It uses a method called ‘purge and trap analysis’
and is coupled to a gas chromatograph.
Everything is carried through the instrument by a flow of the ‘carrier
gas’, Nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>). Water samples
flow through into a calibrated volume and then are transferred to a ‘sparge
tower’ under vacuum. The sparge tower is where the dissolved gasses (including
our tracer CF<sub>3</sub>SF<sub>5</sub>) present in the water are removed by
bubbles of nitrogen gas. Gases are carried from the water into a ‘trap’, which
is cooled to -110°C, causing the gases to condense and become trapped. We cool
the trap by immersing it in liquid nitrogen vapor. After 3 minutes of sparging,
the trap is lifted out of the liquid nitrogen
and heated to +110° C. This releases the trapped gases into the gas
chromatograph, where the tracer is separated
from the other gasses by going through a series of chromatographic columns. The
amount of tracer present is quantified by an electron capture detector (the
electrophile CF<sub>3</sub>SF<sub>5 </sub>‘captures’ the electrons). Thus we
can tell how much tracer we have in each water sample! The
running time per sample is 9 minutes, giving us just enough time to
compile and check the results from the previous run, and to fetch the new
samples, and maybe make a quick cup of tea...
Next sample please!”</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>Alexhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655469296237730370noreply@blogger.com0